The Anxious Generation by Jonathan Haidt
Hello, I’m Pastor Chris. I was born in 1995, started high school in 2009, graduated from high school in 2013, graduated from college in 2017, had my year of vicarage cut short by COVID-19, learned what ‘Zoom’ was, graduated from Seminary in 2021, and was called to serve here at Our Savior in July of 2021. My birth year does a few things: It tells you how old I am, and it pigeonholes me into a category talked about by many different social scientists.
Being born in 1995 puts me right on the edge of being a millennial and being a part of Gen Z. In one sense, I didn’t have internet in my family home growing up, but we did have a computer on which we could play Pajama Sam or Freddy the Fish, as long as we were in the family room where the computer was. I didn’t have a cellphone until high school, and only got a flip phone when I was a freshman. I got a ‘smartphone’ when I was a junior. Ever since then, I’ve had a smarter and smarter phone. I never really thought too much about it, until I looked back, and now have read The Anxious Generation, and look around schools and see what Jonathan Haidt calls, “The Great Rewiring of Childhood.” In this article, I want to take a look at this great rewiring, and look at the ways that Haidt thinks we can buck the trends that are alarming for the Gen Z generation and generations to come.
*Disclaimer. Haidt is not a Christian. He is a social psychologist. He has looked at the trends and the numbers and the mental health of many, did his research and has shared some incredible insights to help change mental health issues, and heal many of the mental health issues.
In the first part of his book, Haidt shares about a tidal wave of mental illness that has struck not just the US, but the world in the 2000s, especially from 2010-2015 . From 2010 to 2020, the amount of major depression of teens for girls has raised to 30% of teens; an increase of 145% since 2010. For boys; almost 12%, a rise of 161% since 2010. This comes from a rise of anxiety from many different sources, but Haidt’s main reason for this rise of anxiety, is the rise of the prevalence of cell phones, social media, and the staggering amount of screen usage. In a 2015 report, by Pew research, 1 of 4 teens said they were “almost constantly” on their screens. In 2022, that number jumped to 46%. These numbers are startling. In this regard, play-based childhood has bowed out to screen-based childhood.
One of the ways Haidt explains it, caught me off-guard. “It’s as if we gave our infants iPads loaded with movies about walking, but the movies were so engrossing that kids never put in the time or effort to practice walking.” Screens of any kind have become a main focus of mental illness, anxiety, and unnecessary additional frustrations and stress. Studies have even shown that even a phone being in the same room as a student raises their anxiety level. In a world where parents are more cautious and protective of their children, this quote from Haidt raises some important questions: “…we are overprotecting our children in the real world while under protecting them online.” Haidt calls for waiting to give phones, social media, and internet access. Did you know that Snapchat, Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok actually have contracts that say their users must be at least 13? Many youths have them earlier than that, and phones have no age restriction or limit, but simply having a phone and access to the entire internet can cause struggles and harm for people of all ages. Before smartphones, in 2006, if you wanted to use the internet you had to have a computer that had to have a desk to sit on. Now, you just have to have a phone and a charger, and you have access to as much information, and searching as you want.
Play changed in the early 2000s. Play changed when smartphones came out. Play has changed. And now, kids don’t have to go to a friends’ house to see them, or talk, or play. They can simply log on; Childhood play has changed. Childhood has changed. The age of ‘childhood’ ending has gone lower and lower. Kids need to be kids. Kids don’t need to be scrolling through their phones to play or talk to friends like they’re a businessman in his 40s or 50s. Kids need play. That great rewiring changed play in the 2000s. Play-based childhood has been replaced by phone-based childhood, and the research shows this is not for the better.
Haidt sees 4 foundational harms. Social deprivation. Sleep Deprivation. Attention Fragmentation. Addiction. Kids aren’t socially where they used to be or where they need to be. Kids aren’t sleeping like they should, and they are falling asleep or getting sick and not going to school. Attention spans are shorter than ever. Have you tried taking an iPad away from a kid who is locked into it? They’re addicted. They fight, they scream, you are taking away their whole world. Haidt also shares information that girls are far more susceptible to social upset by this, whereas boys are simply retreating to their screens and not focusing on the world around them.
Ultimately Haidt lays out startling and alarming facts. One, was the fact that many kids (under the age of 13) spend almost 20-30 hours on screens a week: that’s a part time job! The fact that in a world where we have so many concerns and struggles, those are expedited and increased by screens. There’s a lot to look at this that feels very “end of the world.” And if that is the case, we should just give kids phones at 5 and let them fend for themselves. I don’t think any of us feel that way. Haidt gives several ideas, plans, and thoughts on what could be done to change this struggle moving forward.
“More (and better) experiences in the real world.” This means optimizing time that we have. This means as adults checking our own phone habits. Giving kids time out of your sight without a way to reach you. Afterschool is for free play, play without a screen!
“Less (and better) experience on screens.” Limit screen usage. Avoid using screens as pacifiers and babysitters. Turn off screens 30-60 minutes before bed. Use parental controls and content filters. Focus on more in-person activity and sleep than screens.
Let’s look at it this way. Screens and smartphones can be great tools. But they are that: a tool. They aren’t meant to rule our lives. In fact, when screens and social media start to creep into the majority of lives for kids, it becomes nothing but harmful. Since the iPhone came out, this is just the norm. But if the norm is constantly hurting, causing anxiety, and struggles to children, maybe the norm isn’t the best. How can we encourage a new norm and a hope for the next generations to get out of this mental health crisis? Make a change. Haidt gives 4 ways that could be a major help in mental health.
- No smartphones before high school.
- No social media until 16.
- Advocate for phone-free schools. (leave the phones at home!)
- Give more independence, free-play, and responsibility in the real world.
Let’s talk about screens.